近日，牛津大学研究者发表在《柳叶刀·精神病学》（Lancet Psychiatry）上的一项研究成果表明，相比于其他呼吸道感染，新冠感染两年后的人，患痴呆症、精神疾病和脑雾的风险明显增加。

据了解，该研究分析了128万例新冠确诊病例，是该类研究中规模最大的。

此外，该研究还发现，在成年人中，感染新冠后抑郁或焦虑的风险增加，但在大约两个月内即恢复到与其他呼吸道感染相同的水平。

无注释原文：

Covid linked to longer-term elevated risk of brain fog and dementia

The Guardian

Millions of people who have had Covid-19 still face a higher risk of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including brain fog, dementia and psychosis, two years after their illness, compared with those who have had other respiratory infections, according to the single largest study of its kind.

They also face an increased risk of anxiety and depression, the research suggests, but this subsides within two months of having Covid-19. Over two years the risk is no more likely than after other respiratory infections. The findings are published in the Lancet Psychiatry journal.

Almost 600m Covid-19 cases have been recorded worldwide since the start of the pandemic, and there has been growing evidence that people who survive the disease face increased risks of neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Previous studies have found that people face higher risks of several neurological and mental health conditions in the first six months after infection. Until now, however, there has been no large-scale data examining the risks over a longer time period. The new study, by the University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, analysed 1.28m Covid-19 cases over two years.

Dr Max Taquet, who led the analyses at the University of Oxford, said: “The findings shed new light on the longer-term mental and brain health consequences for people following Covid-19 infection. The results have implications for patients and health services and highlight the need for more research to understand why this happens after Covid-19, and what can be done to prevent these disorders from occurring, or treat them when they do.”

The study analysed data on 14 neurological and psychiatric diagnoses from electronic health records mostly from the US. It found that in adults the risk of depression or anxiety increased after Covid-19 but returned to the same as with other respiratory infections within about two months.

However, the risk of some other neurological and mental health conditions remained higher after Covid-19 than for other respiratory infections at the end of the two-year follow-up.

Adults aged 64 and under who had Covid-19 had a higher risk of brain fog (640 cases per 10,000 people) compared with those who had other respiratory infections (550 cases per 10,000 people).

In those aged 65 and over who had Covid-19, there was a higher occurrence of brain fog (1,540 cases per 10,000 people), dementia (450 cases per 10,000 people) and psychotic disorders (85 cases per 10,000 people) compared with those who previously had a different respiratory infection (1,230 cases per 10,000 for brain fog, 330 cases per 10,000 for dementia and 60 cases per 10,000 for psychotic disorder).

Results in children showed similarities and differences to adults. The likelihood of most diagnoses after Covid-19 was lower than in adults, and they were not at greater risk of anxiety or depression than children who had other respiratory infections. However, like adults, children recovering from Covid-19 were more likely to be diagnosed with some conditions, including seizures and psychotic disorders.

More neurological and psychiatric disorders were seen during the Delta variant wave than with the prior Alpha variant. The Omicron wave was linked with similar neurological and psychiatric risks as Delta.

The researchers cautioned that there were some important limitations to consider. The study may underrepresent self-diagnosed and asymptomatic cases of Covid-19 as these are unlikely to be recorded. It also did not look at the severity or length of conditions after Covid-19 and how they compare with other respiratory infections.

Prof Paul Harrison, who led the study at the University of Oxford, said: “It is good news that the excess of depression and anxiety diagnoses after Covid-19 is short-lived, and that it is not observed in children. However, it is worrying that some other disorders, such as dementia and seizures, continue to be more likely diagnosed after Covid-19, even two years later.”

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Covid linked to longer-term elevated risk of brain fog and dementia

The Guardian

Millions of people who have had Covid-19 still face a higher risk of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including brain fog, dementia and psychosis, two years after their illness, compared with those who have had other respiratory infections, according to the single largest study of its kind.

根据同类中规模最大的一项研究，与患有其他呼吸道感染的人相比，数百万感染新冠的人在患病两年后仍然面临更高的神经和精神类疾病风险，包括脑雾、痴呆症和精神病。

neurological /ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ 表示“神经系统的；神经（病）学的”，英文解释为“Neurological means related to the nervous system.”

????电影《奇异博士》（Doctor Strange）中的台词提到：I'm talking tonight at a neurological society dinner. 我要在今晚神经学学会晚宴上演讲。

psychiatric /ˌsaɪkɪˈætrɪk/ 表示“精神病（学）的”，英文解释为“of or relating to the study of mental illness”如：psychiatric treatment 精神病治疗。

表示“脑雾，难以集中精神，无法清晰思考”，英文解释为“a condition in which you cannot think clearly or pay attention to things in a satisfactory way”举个????：

Side-effects of the treatment include tiredness and brain fog.

治疗的副作用包括出现疲劳和脑雾。

dementia /dɪˈmenʃə/ 表示“（尤指老年性）痴呆”，英文解释为“a medical condition that affects especially old people, causing the memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse, and leading to confused behaviour”

表示“精神病，精神变态”，英文解释为“any of a number of the more severe mental diseases that make someone believe things that are not real”举个????：

She fell into a drug-induced psychosis.

她因吸毒而患上了精神病。

respiratory /ˈrɛspərətərɪ/ 表示“呼吸的”，英文解释为“connected with breathing”，如：the respiratory system 呼吸系统，respiratory diseases 呼吸道疾病。

They also face an increased risk of anxiety and depression, the research suggests, but this subsides within two months of having Covid-19. Over two years the risk is no more likely than after other respiratory infections. The findings are published in the Lancet Psychiatry journal.

研究表明，他们还面临着焦虑和抑郁的风险增加，但在患新冠肺炎后两个月内，这种风险就会消退。两年后，这种风险并不比其他呼吸道感染后的风险更大。该研究成果发表在《柳叶刀·精神病学》（Lancet Psychiatry）杂志上。

表示“减弱；平息”，英文解释为“If a feeling or noise subsides, it becomes less strong or loud.”举个????：

The pain had subsided during the night.

那疼痛在晚间已减轻了。

????《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述贝佐斯的文章中提到：One question is whether the digital surge will subside. 一个问题是这轮数字化浪潮会否退去。

Almost 600m Covid-19 cases have been recorded worldwide since the start of the pandemic, and there has been growing evidence that people who survive the disease face increased risks of neurological and psychiatric conditions.

自新冠疫情以来，全世界报告了近六亿例新冠确诊病例，越来越多的证据表明，疾病幸存者面临神经和精神疾病风险的增加。

Previous studies have found that people face higher risks of several neurological and mental health conditions in the first six months after infection. Until now, however, there has been no large-scale data examining the risks over a longer time period. The new study, by the University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, analysed 1.28m Covid-19 cases over two years.

先前的研究发现，人们在感染后的前六个月面临更高的几种神经和精神健康状况的风险。然而，迄今为止，还没有大规模数据来研究更长时间内的风险。牛津大学和牛津健康生物医学研究中心国家健康和护理研究所的这项新研究分析了两年内128万例新冠确诊病例。

Dr Max Taquet, who led the analyses at the University of Oxford, said: “The findings shed new light on the longer-term mental and brain health consequences for people following Covid-19 infection. The results have implications for patients and health services and highlight the need for more research to understand why this happens after Covid-19, and what can be done to prevent these disorders from occurring, or treat them when they do.”

牛津大学的马克斯·塔奎博士（Dr Max Taquet）带领了这项分析，他说：“这些发现为感染新冠后人们心理和大脑健康的长期后果提供了新的启示。这些结果对患者和医疗服务具有意义，并强调需要进行更多的研究来理解感染新冠后为什么会发生这种情况，以及如何防止这些疾病的发生，或者在它们发生时进行治疗。”

cast/shed/throw light on sth 表示“使（问题等）较容易理解；为…提供解释；使…较容易理解；阐明；使…清楚地显出”，英文解释为“to make a problem, etc. easier to understand”举个????：

As an economist, he was able to shed some light on the problem.

作为经济学家，他能解释这个问题。

1）表示“可能的影响（或作用、结果）”，英文解释为“a possible effect or result of an action or a decision”举个????：

The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside.

这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。

2）表示“含意；暗指，暗示”，英文解释为“an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly”举个????：

From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up.

她的话中暗示他们将要分手。

1）表示“混乱，凌乱，杂乱无章”，英文解释为“a state of untidiness or lack of organization”举个????：

he whole office was in a state of disorder.

整个办公室里凌乱不堪。

2）表示“失调，紊乱”，英文解释为“an illness of the mind or body”如：a blood disorder 血液失调。

The study analysed data on 14 neurological and psychiatric diagnoses from electronic health records mostly from the US. It found that in adults the risk of depression or anxiety increased after Covid-19 but returned to the same as with other respiratory infections within about two months.

该研究分析了主要来自美国的电子病历中14项神经和精神疾病诊断的数据。它发现，在成年人中，感染新冠后抑郁或焦虑的风险增加，但在大约两个月内恢复到与其他呼吸道感染相同的水平。

名词形式：diagnosis /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ 复数 diagnoses

而 diagnose /ˈdaɪəɡˌnəʊz/ 本身作动词，表示“诊断（病症）；查出（问题）”，英文解释为“to recognize and name the exact character of a disease or a problem, by examining it”举个????：

She was diagnosed with/as having diabetes.

她被查出患有糖尿病。

The electrician has diagnosed a fault in the wiring.

电工查出了一处线路故障。

????可以看出，除了指查出病症，也可以指查出故障或者问题。

However, the risk of some other neurological and mental health conditions remained higher after Covid-19 than for other respiratory infections at the end of the two-year follow-up.

然而，在两年随访结束时，感染新冠后一些其他神经和精神健康状况的风险仍然高于其他呼吸道感染。

Adults aged 64 and under who had Covid-19 had a higher risk of brain fog (640 cases per 10,000 people) compared with those who had other respiratory infections (550 cases per 10,000 people).

64岁及以下感染新冠的成年人患脑雾的风险（每10,000人640例）高于患有其他呼吸道感染的成年人（每10,000人550例）。

In those aged 65 and over who had Covid-19, there was a higher occurrence of brain fog (1,540 cases per 10,000 people), dementia (450 cases per 10,000 people) and psychotic disorders (85 cases per 10,000 people) compared with those who previously had a different respiratory infection (1,230 cases per 10,000 for brain fog, 330 cases per 10,000 for dementia and 60 cases per 10,000 for psychotic disorder).

在65岁及以上感染新冠的人中，与那些以前患有不同呼吸道感染的人相比，脑雾（每10,000人1,540例）、痴呆症（每10,000人450例）和精神病性障碍（每10,000人85例）的发生率更高（脑雾1,230例，痴呆症330例，精神病性障碍60例）。

psychotic /saɪˈkɒt.ɪk/ 表示“精神病的，患精神病的”，英文解释为“suffering from psychosis (= severe mental disease)”如：a psychotic disorder 精神错乱。

Results in children showed similarities and differences to adults. The likelihood of most diagnoses after Covid-19 was lower than in adults, and they were not at greater risk of anxiety or depression than children who had other respiratory infections. However, like adults, children recovering from Covid-19 were more likely to be diagnosed with some conditions, including seizures and psychotic disorders.

儿童的结果与成人有相似之处，也有不同之处。感染新冠后大多数诊断的可能性低于成人，他们患焦虑或抑郁的风险也不比患有其他呼吸道感染的儿童高。然而，与成人一样，感染新冠后康复的儿童更有可能被诊断患有某些疾病，包括癫痫发作和精神病性障碍。

seizure /ˈsiːʒə/ 1）表示“占领，夺取，攫取；查封，没收，充公”，英文解释为“the action of taking something by force or with legal authority”，如：the seizure of power/property/control 对权力/财产/控制权的攫取。

2）表示“心脏病突发”，英文解释为“a sudden failure of the heart”举个????：

He died of a seizure.

他死于心脏病突发。

也可以泛指疾病的骤发，突发，发作，英文解释：a very sudden attack of an illness in which someone becomes unconscious or develops violent movements，如：an epileptic seizure 癫痫突发。

More neurological and psychiatric disorders were seen during the Delta variant wave than with the prior Alpha variant. The Omicron wave was linked with similar neurological and psychiatric risks as Delta.

与之前的感染阿尔法（Alpha）毒株的人相比，感染德尔塔（Delta）毒株的人出现了更多的神经和精神疾病。与德尔塔毒株类似，感染奥密克戎波的人，有患神经和精神疾病的风险。

表示“变体；变种”，英文解释为“A variant of a particular thing is something that has a different form from that thing, although it is related to it.”举个????：

The quagga was a strikingly beautiful variant of the zebra.

白氏斑马是一种极其美丽的斑马变种。

The researchers cautioned that there were some important limitations to consider. The study may underrepresent self-diagnosed and asymptomatic cases of Covid-19 as these are unlikely to be recorded. It also did not look at the severity or length of conditions after Covid-19 and how they compare with other respiratory infections.

研究人员告诫说，有一些重大的局限性需要考虑。这项研究中自我诊断和无症状的新冠确诊病例的代表性可能不足，因为这些病例不太可能被记录下来。该研究也没有分析感染新冠后的严重程度或持续时间，以及它们与其他呼吸道感染的比较。

作动词，表示“告诫；提醒”，英文解释为“to warn someone”举个????：

The newspaper cautioned its readers against buying shares without getting good advice first.

报纸告诫读者事先没有获得好的建议，不要购买股票。

复数，特指“局限，局限性”，英文解释为“If someone or something has limitations, that person or thing is not as good as he, she, or it could be.”举个????：

Living in an apartment is fine, but it does have its limitations - for example, you don't have your own garden.

住公寓不错，但也有其局限性——如没有自己的花园。

asymptomatic /æˌsɪmptəˈmætɪk/ 表示“无症状的”，英文解释为“If someone with a disease is asymptomatic, it means that they do not show any symptoms of the disease.”

Prof Paul Harrison, who led the study at the University of Oxford, said: “It is good news that the excess of depression and anxiety diagnoses after Covid-19 is short-lived, and that it is not observed in children. However, it is worrying that some other disorders, such as dementia and seizures, continue to be more likely diagnosed after Covid-19, even two years later.”

牛津大学带领这项研究的保罗·哈里森教授（Prof Paul Harrison）说：“感染新冠后诊断出过多的抑郁和焦虑是短暂的，而且在儿童中没有这个现象，这是个好消息。然而，令人担忧的是，一些其他疾病，如痴呆症和癫痫发作，即使是两年后，感染新冠后仍然更有可能被诊断出来。”

表示“短暂的；短命的”，英文解释为“If a feeling or experience is short-lived, it only lasts for a short time.”举个????：

I had a few relationships at college, most of which were fairly short-lived.

我在大学时谈过几次恋爱，但大多都十分短暂。

- 今日盘点 -

neurological

psychiatric

brain fog

dementia

psychosis

respiratory

subside

shed light on

implication

disorder

diagnoses

psychotic

seizure

variant

caution

limitations

asymptomatic

short-lived